Diet – what it is, types and the most popular ways to lose weight

Nutrition must be adapted to the person's health status. Various diseases affect biological processes in the body, necessitating changes in nutrient requirements. Diet plans are used to achieve these changes. Diet is an integral part of therapeutic nutrition prescribed by a doctor, influencing the course of the disease, recovery, elimination of obesity and overweight.

Diet - what is it (therapeutic diet, weight loss diet)?

"Diet (from Greek diaita, Δίαίτα) is the controlled consumption of food and fluids aimed at achieving specific goals. The word "diet" can be used in many different ways: hospital (official) diet, weight loss program, maintenance, or changeA healthy, long-term eating system (supported by a lifestyle or philosophy). This is how Wikipedia. org describes diet.Dietary nutrition principles:

• Use high-quality raw materials;
• Reduce heat treatment of products;
• Reduce consumption of spicy spices;
• Increase consumption of green vegetables (dill, parsley, lemon instead of vinegar);
• Depending on the disease - increase/decrease certain nutrients;
• Eat regular meals (5 times a day, for diabetics - 6 times a day);
• Pay attention to the taste of food - increase the patient's appetite.

Diet is a broad concept. Such a diet plan does not mean that hunger or sudden changes will make the condition worse.

diet type

The goal of changing your diet may be to lose weight—many nutrition plans focus on weight loss. The term refers to the circuits most commonly known to the public. The next reason for adhering to dietary restrictions is the presence of disease. Such programs are prescribed by a doctor; it is not recommended to follow them independently without a diagnosis (especially by an unhealthy person). Other dietary goals are more specific. They include improving the quality of hair, nails and skin. There are also diets for building muscle, enhancing muscle mass, diet plans for overall immunity improvement, and more.Diet is related to detoxification of the body. This is also a dietary change, a restriction, but only short-term.

Medical diet (table)

In case of illness, it is necessary to ensure not only the technical preparation of the diet, but also professional contact with the patient. Even in the case of dietary changes, a person should be able to consult a nutritionist for food choices.What is a medical diet? Today, diet plan classifications (tables) usually look like this:

1. NPO (N) - Hunger strike.
2. 0S - Tea Room. Tea, unsweetened or sweetened. Suitable for patients who are unable to take food orally.
3. Second - gentleness. Recommended for patients with gastrointestinal disorders and acute vascular disease.
4. Third - basic and reasonable diet. Eligible for adult patients and older children who do not require dietary restrictions.
5. 4S - low fat. For the treatment of acute pancreatitis, inflammation of the gallbladder during transition to oral food.
6. Fourth – low fat. Recommended for chronic conditions of the liver, pancreas and gallbladder (usually after switching from the more restrictive 4S).
7. No. 5 – No residue. Watch for lower gastrointestinal disease.
8. Sixth – Low protein. Suitable for patients with chronic renal failure.
9. No. 8 – Low Calorie. Prescribed to obese people, patients with hyperlipoproteinemia, and obesity types 1 and 2 who do not require mild nutritional adjustment (the diet contains more than 5000kJ per day, so compliance with the diet is relatively easy).
10. Number 9 – Diabetics. Recommended for diabetics.
11. 9S - Diabetic Mild. The diabetic version of a gentle diet.
12. No. 10 – No salt. Typically not part of a nutrisystem, as all diets involve cooking food without salt (with the finished dish salted as needed).
13. No. 11 – Nutritious. Indicated for patients with increased energy needs and weight gain.
14. No. 12 – Baby. If necessary, apply to children 1. 5-3 years old.
15. No. 13 - Children's room. Age appropriate 3-15 years.
16. Gluten-free – A gluten-free diet. For patients with gluten intolerance (celiac disease).
17. Low phosphate dialysis diet. Observations from patients undergoing hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis.

There are vegetarian options available today too.

The most popular weight loss diets

A low-energy diet is a nutritional regimen aimed at weight loss and is an important treatment for overweight and obesity. Its most common purpose is to eliminate excess fat. An effective weight loss diet plan should reduce fat tissue in the body evenly. But this often happens to people (mainly young girls) who are not overweight but need to lose weight due to exhaustion from fashion demands.Weight loss may be due not only to a loss of fat, but also to a loss of water and muscle. Therefore, there is no direct relationship between fat content and body weight. Muscle loss during weight loss can be reduced through exercise and proper food choices. Improper diet can harm your health. It can also have the opposite effect (after losing weight, fat deposits form again - the so-called "yo-yo effect").Nutrients that people need are: protein, fat, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and water. Essential amino acids (components of protein) are important for the production of cells, especially muscle cells. Essential fatty acids are involved in the formation of brain cells. Vitamins and minerals are essential for many functions. The total amount of energy varies according to the age of the person. For adults, the optimal intake is 1200-1500 kcal/day. The most famous weight loss diet plans include the following food plans.

Duquesne's Food

This is the weight loss diet method published by French nutritionist Dr. Pierre Dukan in the book "I Can't Lose Weight". It is based on 4 phases of different duration:

• First - 2–10 days;
• Second - 14 days;
• Phase 3 - depends on the number of kilograms lost (1 kg = 10 days of Phase 3);
• The fourth – constantly.

Each stage has allowed and prohibited products. The plan is to go from the most intense phase (consuming only foods containing protein) to the final phase (consuming all foods while observing a protein day once a week). An essential part of the weight loss process is alcohol therapy.

box diet

The basis of this nutritional plan is eating small amounts of food but more often than not.The boxed diet works by consuming food on a regular basis. The goal is to develop the habit of eating small amounts regularly, not overeating, and eating large portions three times a day.

paleolithic diet

The Paleo plan, also known as the Paleo diet or the Stone Age diet, is often referred to as a lifestyle. People who follow the Paleo diet approximate the eating habits of prehistoric humans during the Paleolithic Age, the longest period in human history, lasting about 3 million years. People during this period did not understand agriculture and relied on hunting and gathering to obtain food. But hunter-gatherer diets were and still are high in calories. It also contains more carbohydrates than the average modern diet.Proponents of this dietary pattern argue that human digestion is not evolutionarily adapted to produce (grains, dairy products).Therefore, when following the Paleo diet, produce is excluded or restricted from the diet:

• cereals;
• legumes;
• bread;
• milk;
• cheese;
• Semi-finished products, etc.

The menu mainly includes meat, fish, vegetables, fruits, mushrooms, nuts, eggs. It also includes fats (avocado, coconut, olive oil, lard).

brause diet

The Breuss Diet is a nutritional plan named after its author, Rudolf Breuss, an Austrian electrician and therapist (sometimes called a doctor, but who never studied at a professional university). This diet began as an alternative medicine approach to treating cancer. Its essence lies in the "hunger of the tumor", which depends solely on the solid components of food for its life.Due to the "side effects" of weight loss, the Braus diet plan began to be used to shed excess pounds.It involves fasting from solid food for 42 days. Drink only selected vegetable juices and herbal teas. Juice is produced industrially from biologically grown vegetables. It can be prepared at home, but industrial juices are sterilized and contain lactic acid bacteria in addition to vegetable ingredients.

protein diet

Also known as "protein", "cyclic ketosis", "keto" or "keto" diet. This is a scientifically proven method that produces great weight loss results in just a few weeks. Dr. Russell Wilder used it for medical purposes as early as 1921. The originator of its modern version is Professor George L. Blackburn, who studied the burning of stored fat in the body.The body can lose up to 40% of its muscle mass through traditional weight loss methods. But muscle is the primary fat burner. Therefore, after the dietary restriction ends, the metabolism is unable to cope with the energy present in the diet before the dietary change. A yo-yo effect occurs. Professor Blackburn identified the state of ketosis and its potential for activation in the body. Its main benefit is weight loss by burning stored fat and preserving muscle mass, thus minimizing the risk of the yo-yo effect.

Mayer's diet

This is a weight loss technique developed by Dr. Franz Xavier Mayer. It includes limiting the consumption of calories, protein, fat, fruits and vegetables. Serve with dry hard bread. Chewing bread increases saliva production, which improves digestion. Drinking alcohol can cause diarrhea, which removes harmful deposits from the body.Today, the popularity of this method is declining (for obvious reasons).

separate food

This protocol is based on the assumption that proteins require an acidic environment in the stomach, while carbohydrates require an alkaline environment. Therefore, protein foods should not be eaten at the same time as carbohydrate foods. This helps prevent neutralization of digestive juices and thus avoids interruption of the digestive process. When neutralized, neither fat nor protein can be effectively broken down; carbohydrates ferment and proteins decay, producing toxic residues.Therefore, nutrition alone is not a diet in and of itself. It’s a lifestyle change, a dietary adjustment. The basis is a combination of protein and neutral foods or carbohydrates and neutral foods (or eating only neutral foods). It is also important to maintain a regular diet and eat small amounts. Splitting meals is also a way to lose weight by reducing energy expenditure.

important! Informative article! Experts should be consulted before use.